HISTORICAL WEAPONS KERIS

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ancient Keris has been used between the 9th century and 14. Besides being used as a weapon, a dagger is also often considered to have supernatural powers. Keris is divided into three parts, namely the eye, upstream, and gloves. Some types of keris blade winding. These weapons are often mentioned in many traditional legends, such as the keris Mpu Gandring in legend Ken Arok and Ken Dedes.

Keris was actually a typical weapon used by the regions which have Malay or Malay race. Keris existence is generally known in Indonesia, especially in the area of Java and Sumatra, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand and the Philippines, especially in the southern Philippines (Mindanao Island). However, when compared with Indonesia and Malaysia, where a dagger and a manufacturer in the Philippines have become very rare and even endangered.

Procedures for the use of the keris is different in each region. In the area of Javanese and Sundanese, for example, a dagger placed in the back of the waist. While in Sumatra, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, a dagger placed at the front. Actually keris itself has a variety of forms, there is eyed winding (7, 9 and even 13), there is also a straight-edged as in Sumatra. In addition there is another dagger discount winding single as well as rencong in Aceh or Badik in Sulawesi.

The parts kris:

Some experts Tosan aji classify keris as a stabbing weapon, so the main part of a keris is wilah (blades) or plain language is like a blade. But because the keris has other requirements, namely wrangka (sarong) and part of the handle keris or engraving, the unity of the whole apparatus is called a dagger.

* The handle of a dagger

handle of a dagger are various motives, for keris Bali there that looks like an idol, sculpture pedande , Raksaka statues, sculptures of dancers, the hermit, the forest, and there are carved with gold and precious stones kinatah .Pegangan describe the keris Sulawesi sea birds. It was as symbolic of some professions Sulawesi people were a sailor, while the bird is the symbol of the world for the safety. As well as the motive head of birds used in kris Riau Lingga, and to other areas as the development center Tosan aji such as Aceh, Bangkinang (Riau), Palembang, Sambas, Kutai, Bugis, Luwu, Java, Madura and Sulu, kris has carvings and a different symbol. In addition, the materials used were derived from a variety of materials such as ivory, bone, metal, and most are wood. To handle kris Java, generally consist of sirah wingking (of the head), Jiling, cigir, shallow, bathuk (front of the head), Weteng and cauliflower.

* Wrangka or Frame

Wrangka, order or the sheath is part (completeness) keris that has a specific function, especially in the social life of Java, as part wrangka is directly seen by the public. Wrangka early (mostly) made ​​of wood (teak, sandalwood, Timoho, yellow, etc.), then in accordance with the times then change wrangka function (as a reflection of social status for its users). Then the top or ladrang-Gayaman often replaced with ivory. Broadly speaking there are two kinds of wrangka, which is a type wrangka ladrang consisting of parts: tweezers, lata, beard, Gandek, Godong (shaped like a leaf), axle, ri and cangkring. And the other type is the type of wrangka Gayaman (Gandon) which parts are almost the same as wrangka ladrang but there are tweezers, Godong and Gandek. Rules wrangka use of these forms has been determined, though not absolute. Wrangka ladrang used for official ceremonies, for example before the king, other palace official events (coronation, royal appointments, marriage, etc.) with the intent of respect. Instructions for their use is by slipping a dagger in the folds belt axle (stagen) on the back of the waist (includingconsideration
for the safety of the king). While wrangka Gayaman used for daily necessities, and a dagger placed on the front (near the waist) or behind (back waist). In the war, used was a dagger wrangka Gayaman, consideration is from the practical side and quick, because wrangka Gayaman further enable quick and easy to move, because the shape is more simple. Ladrang and Gayaman is a pattern-form wrangka, and the main part by function wrangka is the bottom of the long form (along wilah kris) called axle or antupan, then the function axle is to wrap wilah (slats) and usually made ​​of wood (considered to no damage wilah made ​​from an alloy) Since the function of the axle to wrap, so the function of beauty does not come first, then to beauty be coated sleeve-like cylinder called pendok. Part pendok (layer sleeves) is what usually carved very beautiful, made ​​of brass, suasa (a mixture of copper gold), silver, gold. For regions outside of Java (among kings Bugis, Goa, Palembang, Riau, Bali) pendoknya made ​​of gold, along with additional embellishments such as embroidery laces of gold and flowers were strewn diamonds.

To kris Java, according to their form pendok there are three kinds , namely (1) pendok bunton flat without parts of their tube on its side, (2) pendok cantaloupe (blengah) split lengthwise until at one end so that the axle will be visible, and (3) pendok topengan are slit just located in the center. When viewed from the decorations, pendok there are two kinds of pendok carved and pendok plain (without engraving).

* Wilah

wilah or wilahan is a major part of a keris, and also consists of parts - certain parts that are not the same for each wilahan, which is usually called kitchen, or naming the different forms of the wilah-bar (there are dozens of forms kitchen). For example, it can be mentioned tall kitchen mayang, bachelor lola, pinarak crown murub, cauliflower, kebo Tedan, pudak sitegal, etc. At the base there wilahan pesi, which is the lower end of a keris or kris stalk. These sections go into the handle keris (engraving). Pesi in length between 5 cm to 7 cm, with a cross section of about 5 mm to 10 mm, long round shape like a pencil. In the area of East Java called pivot, in Riau called nipple, while for Sarawak, Brunei and Malaysia called punting.Base (basic keris) or the bottom of a keris called cannabis (for local call aring the Malay peninsula). In the middle there is a hole pesi (round) just to enter pesi, so that the wilah and marijuana inseparable. Tosan Aji cultural observers say that the unity it symbolizes the unity of the phallus and yoni, which represents marijuana emblem symbolizes the yoni while pesi lingganya. This cannabis glance lizard-shaped, the front is called sirah lizard, called gulu meled neck, abdomen and tail called wetengan called SEBIT ron. Variety of marijuana there is a wide - range, wilut, dungkul, flashing leeches and SEBIT rontal.

Luk, is part of the winding of wilah-dagger blade, and judging from the shape of a dagger can be divided into two major categories, namely dagger straight and dagger blade winding -kelok or luk. One simple way calculate luk on the bar, starting from the base of a dagger towards the end of the keris, is calculated from the convex side and done on both sides of each side of (right-left), then the last number is the number luk at wilah-blades and the number is always odd (odd) and never even, and the smallest is luk three (3) and most are luk thirteen (13). If there keris luk number of its more than thirteen, usually called kalawija keris, or keris is unusual.

History Originkris

Origin Historydagger that we know today remains unexplained correct. Javanese temple reliefs in more shows knights with weapons more elements of his Indian. Keris Buddhist and influence of India-China early kingdoms Indonesia strongly influenced by Buddhist and Hindu culture. The temple in central Java is the main source of the culture of the era. What is surprising is that the little use of the keris or something similar to it. Relief at Borobudur did not show a dagger similar to a dagger. From archaeological discoveries many experts agree that the proto-a dagger-shaped blade with a straight blade thickness and
width. One of these types is kris kris Knaud family owned, acquired from the Sultan Paku Alam V. This keris relief on their surface which contains the epic Ramayana and there is a Java-year 1264 (1342Masehi), although there is no doubting his calendar. The influence of Chinese culture may get into the culture of Dong Son (Vietnam) who is the liaison between the Chinese culture and the Malay world. There sajen keris that has a shape similar to a dagger hilt man Dongson.

Keris "Modern"

Keris which we now know is the result of a long evolutionary process. Keris modern it is known today is a unique dagger awl. Keris taking shape at the Majapahit period (the 14th century) and the new Mataram kingdom (17-18 century). Observer and keris collectors prefer to categorize it as "an ancient keris" and "new keris" is the term referred nem-Neman (young or new). The principle observation was "a dagger fashioned" made ​​before the 19th century is still using seeds raw metal extracted from natural sources-mine-meteor (because there are no factories smelting of iron ore, silver, nickel, etc.), so that the metal used still contain many types other mixed metals, such as iron ore containing titanium, cobalt, silver, tin, nickel, copper etc. While the new kris (after the 19th century) is usually only use ferrous materials, steel and nickel from the smelting of iron ore or scrap (per vehicle spare parts, iron bridge, an iron railway etc.) whose average is processed factory, so purity guaranteed or less likely to contain metals other types. Suppose research Haryono Arumbinang, Sudyartomo and Budi Santosa (undergraduate nuclear BATAN Yogyakarta) in 1990, showed that the keris with tough Tuban, kitchen Tilam Upih and prestige Rice wutah it contains iron (fe), arsenic (arsenic) and Titanium (Ti) , according to the researchers that the keris is "kris ancient", because the metal element titanium, newly discovered as a metal element independent in 1940, and the metal hardness over steel, but much lighter than steel, widely used as a means of modern transport (air fly, spacecraft) or the rockets, so at that time the technology has not been present in Indonesia. Titanium many meteorites found on rocks and sand iron is usually derived from the South Beach area and also Sulawesi. Of the 14 kris studied, on average contain many other types of alloys such as chromium, stanum, stibinium, silver, copper and zinc, as many as 13 kris containing titanium and only one dagger that contains nickel. Kris will be instantly known to the content type of the metal for the MPU (kris craftsmen) to buy raw materials at the hardware store, such as iron, nickel, brass etc. They do not use raw materials from iron ore (eg taken from mining) or to the meteorite, so it does not need to be analyzed with a radioactive isotope. So if there keris suspected of being modified, or a new kris kris look ancient, the research would be easy to reveal it.

Source: http://yafi20.blogspot.co.id/2011/12/sejarah-dan-asal-usul-keris -dan.html